Inadvertent hypothermia in the elderly: recommendations

During the winter months, the cold is not only a risk when staying outdoors or in situations of obvious exposure. The environmental conditions typical of this time, together with certain characteristics of the domestic environment and physiological changes associated with aging, can favor a progressive loss of body heat even inside the home, without it being easily noticeable.

In this context, some older people may experience a gradual drop in body temperature in their own home, a situation known as inadvertent hypothermia, which usually goes unnoticed in its initial phases. Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body temperature below normal values ​​and, although it is usually associated with prolonged exposure to intense cold, it can also develop in indoor spaces when factors such as insufficient air conditioning, reduced physical activity or a reduced ability to perceive cold come together.

With aging, the body presents decreased ability to regulate body temperature and keep warm. These physiological changes influence both the perception of cold and the response to low temperatures, which can make it difficult to identify situations in which it would be necessary to dress warmer or adjust the home temperature, even without a clear feeling of discomfort.

As explained Miriam Piquerasmedical director of Sanitas Mayores, “in many older people, the cold is not perceived as an immediate discomfort. The initial signs can be non-specific and be confused with the fatigue typical of winter, which delays the identification of the problem. This lack of early detection can favor exposure to the cold to continue for prolonged periods.”

The home environment plays a key role in this process. Homes with low temperatures maintained over time, rarely used rooms or inadequate ventilation can encourage continued exposure to the cold. Added to this is that many older people They spend long periods sitting or with a limited level of physical activity, which reduces body heat production.

“Prevention involves paying attention to everyday aspects such as the actual temperature of the home or the need to keep warm indoors, even if intense cold is not perceived,” he adds. Miriam Piqueras.

Expert recommendations to reduce risk

• Maintain a proper temperature and stable in the home, especially in the rooms with the most use.

• Use outerwear inside the home when necessary, without waiting to feel intense cold.

• Find a regular feeding that contributes to daily energy balance.

• Encourage frequent movements or physical activity adapted to individual capabilities.

• Consult with health professionals with a persistent feeling of cold or changes in general condition. This assessment, whether in person or through video consultation, makes it possible to identify possible alterations early and promote timely care.