the tricks that do work

After the Christmas holidays, the respiratory infections They once again gain unwanted prominence. Few have managed to avoid a cold on these dates, marked by meetings in closed spaces, less ventilation due to the cold and increased social contact, factors that favor the spread of colds, flu and other viruses.

Although most of these processes are usually mild and resolve without major complications, it is not always easy to know which symptoms are normal, when it is appropriate to go to the doctor or what habits really help a quick recovery. The doctor Leovigildo Ginel Mendozacoordinator of the Respiratory Working Group of SEMERGENclarifies to Infosalus the main recommendations for dealing with a respiratory infection.

Basic measures to recover at home

The expert indicates that most respiratory infections can be treated at home following simple guidelines, such as relative restadapting the activity to the level of discomfort and avoiding unnecessary efforts, especially if there is fever or fatigue.

“It is essential to maintain a good hydrationdrinking water frequently and resorting to broths or infusions, which can also relieve congestion. To control fever, pain or general discomfort, common analgesics or antipyretics such as paracetamol can be used, always following the medical instructions, the pharmacist, or simply reading the leaflet,” he clarifies.

Furthermore, it also recommends ventilate the spaces wellavoid stuffy environments and do not smoke or be exposed to tobacco smoke. “Nasal washes with saline solution can help improve nasal congestion, especially in children and the elderly,” he adds. Also, remember that antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and should only be used under a doctor’s prescription. “The evolution of respiratory infections is usually favorable with support measures and patience, monitoring the appearance of alarm signs that recommend consulting a health professional,” he clarifies.

Other keys to a good recovery are rest, good hydration and a balanced diet. “The body needs energy to fight the infection, so respecting rest and sleeping enough hours facilitates the immune system’s response and accelerates improvement.” In addition, it highlights the importance of drinking fluids to avoid dehydration. “Drinking water frequently helps keep the mucous membranes hydrated and fluidize secretions. Broths and soups are a highly recommended option, because they provide liquids, mineral salts, and are easy to tolerate, in addition to providing a sensation of relief from nasal and pharyngeal congestion,” he remarks.

Regarding nutrition, he recommends giving priority to easy to digest products. “It is advisable to prioritize foods that are easy to digest, such as vegetables, fruits, soft legumes, fish, or eggs. Fruit juices can be taken occasionally, preferably natural and without added sugar, although it is more advisable to consume the whole fruit, as it provides fiber and allows for a more progressive absorption of nutrients,” he mentions.

Exercise, supplements and some common mistakes

During a respiratory infection, it is not advisable to perform physical activity. “As long as there is fever, muscle pain, significant fatigue, or a feeling of general discomfort, it is most advisable to maintain relative rest, avoiding physical exertion, and respecting rest. In these cases, forcing activity can prolong the symptoms, and even promote complications.” As one improves, exercise can be resumed progressively. “If exercise causes worsening cough, shortness of breath, or excessive exhaustion, it is advisable to reduce the intensity or temporarily suspend it,” he adds.

Regarding supplements, he points out that they are not usually necessary in healthy people. “A varied and balanced diet usually provides sufficient nutrients for the immune system to function properly, even during illness. There is no solid scientific evidence that vitamin supplements prevent or significantly shorten the duration of a cold or flu in people without previous deficiencies.”

Among the most common errors, the specialist highlights the incorrect use of antibiotics. “Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and their incorrect use promotes resistance and unnecessary side effects.”

How long do respiratory infections last?

Finally, Dr. Ginel Mendoza recalls that this winter the rebound in infections has come earlier, with a peak before Christmas, “although is descending in recent weeks.”

Regarding the duration of the processes, it indicates that “colds and different types of flu, as well as COVID-19, are respiratory infections caused by viruses. Bacterial respiratory infections such as pneumonia and tonsillitis caused by bacteria are less frequent. The duration of viral respiratory infections is usually limited, and in most cases they evolve favorably without complications.”

The cold usually lasts between 7 and 10 days; the flu, up to two weeks, and other infections such as RSV can last a little longer, especially in older people. “This is due to residual inflammation of the airways and does not necessarily imply a complication.”